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P903:
For the purpose of this packing instruction, "equipment" means apparatus for which the cells or batteries will provide electrical power for its operation.

The following packagings are authorized provided that the general provisions of 4.1.1 and 4.1.3 are met:

(1) For cells and batteries:

Drums (1A2, 1B2, 1N2, 1H2, 1D, 1G);
Boxes (4A, 4B, 4N, 4C1, 4C2, 4D, 4F, 4G, 4H1, 4H2);
Jerricans (3A2, 3B2, 3H2).

Cells or batteries shall be packed in packagings so that the cells or batteries are protected against damage that may be caused by the movement or placement of the cells or batteries within the packaging.

Packagings shall conform to the packing group II performance level.

(2) In addition for cells or batteries with a gross mass of 12 kg or more employing a strong, impact resistant outer casing, and assemblies of such cells or batteries:

(a) Strong outer packagings;
(b) Protective enclosures (e.g. fully enclosed or wooden slatted crates); or
(c) Pallets or other handling devices.

Cells or batteries shall be secured to prevent inadvertent movement, and the terminals shall not support the weight of other superimposed elements.

Packagings need not meet the requirements of 4.1.1.3.

(3) to (5) apply to cells and batteries packed with or contained in equipment.

Note: The packagings authorized in (2) may exceed a net mass of 400 kg (see 4.1.3.3). 

Additional requirement:
Cells or batteries shall be protected against short circuit.

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P908:
This instruction applies to damaged or defective cells and batteries, including those contained in equipment, of UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480, 3481, 3551 and 3552.

The following packagings are authorized provided the general provisions for 4.1.1 and 4.1.3 are met:

For cells and batteries and equipment containing cells and batteries:

Drums (1A2, 1B2, 1N2, 1H2, 1D, 1G)
Boxes (4A, 4B, 4N, 4C1, 4C2, 4D, 4F, 4G, 4H1, 4H2)
Jerricans (3A2, 3B2, 3H2)

Packagings shall conform to the packing group II performance level.

Packagings shall also meet the following requirements:

(a) Each damaged or defective cell or battery or equipment containing such cells or batteries shall be individually packed in inner packaging and placed inside of an outer packaging. The inner packaging or outer packaging shall be leakproof to prevent the potential release of electrolyte.

(b) Each inner packaging shall be surrounded by sufficient non-combustible and electrically non-conductive thermal insulation material to protect against a dangerous evolution of heat.

(c) Sealed packagings shall be fitted with a venting device when appropriate.

(d) Appropriate measures shall be taken to minimize the effects of vibrations and shocks, prevent movement of the cells or batteries within the package that may lead to further damage and a dangerous condition during transport. Cushioning material that is non-combustible and electrically non-conductive may also be used to meet this requirement.

(e) The non-combustibility of the thermal insulation material and the cushioning material shall be assessed according to a standard recognized in the country where the packaging is designed or manufactured.

For leaking cells or batteries, sufficient inert absorbent material shall be added to the inner or outer packaging to absorb any release of electrolyte.

A cell or battery with a net mass of more than 30 kg shall be limited to one cell or battery per outer packaging.

Additional requirement:
Cells or batteries shall be protected against short circuit.

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P 909:
This instruction applies to UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480, 3481, 3551 and 3552 transported for disposal or recycling, either packed
together with or packed without non-lithium batteries.

(1) Cells and batteries shall be packed in accordance with the following:

(a) The following packagings are authorized, provided that the general provisions of 4.1.1 and 4.1.3, are met:

Drums (1A2, 1B2, 1N2, 1H2, 1D, 1G);
Boxes (4A, 4B, 4N, 4C1, 4C2, 4D, 4F, 4G, 4H2); and
Jerricans (3A2, 3B2, 3H2).

(b) Packagings shall conform to the packing group II performance level.

(c) Metal packagings shall be fitted with an electrically non-conductive lining material (e.g. plastics) of adequate strength for the intended use.

(2) However, lithium ion or sodium ion cells with a Watt-hour rating of not more than 20 Wh, lithium ion or sodium ion batteries with a Watt-hour rating of not more than 100 Wh, lithium metal cells with a lithium content of not more than 1 g and lithium metal batteries with an aggregate lithium content of not more than 2 g may be packed in accordance with the following:

(a) In strong outer packaging up to 30 kg gross mass meeting the general provisions of 4.1.1, except 4.1.1.3, and 4.1.3.

(b) Metal packagings shall be fitted with an electrically non-conductive lining material (e.g. plastics) of adequate strength for the intended use.

(3) applies to cells or batteries contained in equipment.

(4) In addition, for cells or batteries with a gross mass of 12 kg or more employing a strong, impact resistant outer casing, strong outer packagings constructed of suitable material and of adequate strength and design in relation to the packagings capacity and its intended use, may be used. Packagings need not meet the requirements of 4.1.1.3.

Note: The packagings authorized in (4) may exceed a net mass of 400 kg (see 4.1.3.3).

Additional requirements:
1 Cells and batteries shall be designed or packed to prevent short circuits and the dangerous evolution of heat.
2 Protection against short circuits and the dangerous evolution of heat includes, but is not limited to:
(a) individual protection of the battery terminals,
(b) inner packaging to prevent contact between cells and batteries,
(c) batteries with recessed terminals designed to protect against short circuits, or
­(d) the use of an electrically non-conductive and non-combustible cushioning material to fill empty space between the cells or batteries in the packaging.
3 Cells and batteries shall be secured within the outer packaging to prevent excessive movement during transport (e.g. by using an electrically non-conductive and non-combustible cushioning material or through the use of a tightly closed plastics bag).

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P910:
This instruction applies to UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480, 3481, 3551 and 3552 production runs consisting of not more than 100 cells or batteries and to pre-production prototypes of cells or batteries when these prototypes are transported for testing.

The following packagings are authorized provided that the general provisions of 4.1.1 and 4.1.3 are met:

(1) For cells and batteries, including when packed with equipment:

Drums (1A2, 1B2, 1N2, 1H2, 1D, 1G);
Boxes (4A, 4B, 4N, 4C1, 4C2, 4D, 4F, 4G, 4H1, 4H2);
Jerricans (3A2, 3B2, 3H2).

Packagings shall conform to the packing group II performance level and shall meet the following requirements:

(a) Batteries and cells, including equipment, of different sizes, shapes or masses shall be packaged in an outer packaging of a tested design type listed above provided the total gross mass of the package does not exceed the gross mass for which the design type has been tested;

(b) Each cell or battery shall be individually packed in an inner packaging and placed inside an outer packaging;

(c) Each inner packaging shall be completely surrounded by sufficient non-combustible and electrically non-conductive thermal insulation material to protect against a dangerous evolution of heat;

(d) Appropriate measures shall be taken to minimize the effects of vibration and shocks and prevent movement of the cells or batteries within the package that may lead to damage and a dangerous condition during transport. Cushioning material that is non-combustible and electrically non-conductive may be used to meet this requirement;

(e) The non-combustibility of the thermal insulation material and the cushioning material shall be assessed according to a standard recognized in the country where the packaging is designed or manufactured;

(f) A cell or battery with a net mass of more than 30 kg shall be limited to one cell or battery per outer packaging.

(2) applies to cells and batteries contained in equipment.
 
(3) The equipment or the batteries may be transported unpackaged under conditions specified by the competent authority. Additional conditions that may be considered in the approval process include, but are not limited to:

(a) The equipment or the battery shall be strong enough to withstand the shocks and loadings normally encountered during transport, including transshipment between cargo transport units and between cargo transport units and warehouses as well as any removal from a pallet for subsequent manual or mechanical handling; and

(b) The equipment or the battery shall be fixed in cradles or crates or other handling devices in such a way that it will not become loose during normal conditions of transport.

Note: The packagings authorized may exceed a net mass of 400 kg (see 4.1.3.3).

Additional requirements:
The cells and batteries shall be protected against short circuit. Protection against short circuits includes, but is not limited to,
­(a) individual protection of the battery terminals,
­(b) inner packaging to prevent contact between cells and batteries,
­(c) batteries with recessed terminals designed to protect against short circuits, or
­(d) the use of an electrically non-conductive and non-combustible cushioning material to fill empty space between the cells or batteries in the packaging.

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P911:
This instruction applies to damaged or defective cells and batteries of UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480, 3481, 3551 and 3552 liable to rapidly disassemble, dangerously react, produce a flame or a dangerous evolution of heat or a dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours under normal conditions of transport.

The following packagings are authorized, provided that the general provisions of 4.1.1 and 4.1.3 are met:

For cells and batteries and equipment containing cells and batteries:

Drums (1A2, 1B2, 1N2, 1H2, 1D, 1G);
Boxes (4A, 4B, 4N, 4C1, 4C2, 4D, 4F, 4G, 4H1, 4H2);
Jerricans (3A2, 3B2, 3H2).

The packagings shall conform to the packing group I performance level.

(1) The packaging shall be capable of meeting the following additional performance requirements in case of rapid disassembly, dangerous reaction, production of a flame or a dangerous evolution of heat or a dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours of the cells or batteries:

(a) The outside surface temperature of the completed package shall not have a temperature of more than 100°C. A momentary spike in temperature up to 200°C is acceptable;

(b) No flame shall occur outside the package;

(c) No projectiles shall exit the package;

(d) The structural integrity of the package shall be maintained;

(e) The packagings shall have a gas management system (e.g. filter system, air circulation, containment for gas, gas tight packaging, etc.), as appropriate.

(2) The additional packaging performance requirements shall be verified by a test as specified by the competent authority.*

A verification report shall be available on request. As a minimum requirement, the cell or battery name, the cell or battery number, the mass, type, energy content of the cells or batteries, the packaging identification and the test data according to the verification method as specified by the competent authority shall be listed in the verification report.

(3) When dry ice or liquid nitrogen is used as a coolant, the requirements of section 5.5.3 shall apply. The inner packaging and outer packaging shall maintain their integrity at the temperature of the refrigerant used as well as the temperatures and the pressures which could result if refrigeration were lost.

Additional requirement:
Cells or batteries shall be protected against short circuit.

* The following criteria, as relevant, may be considered to assess the performance of the packaging:

(a) The assessment shall be done under a quality management system (as described e.g. in section 2.9.4.5) allowing for the traceability of tests results, reference data and characterization models used;

(b) The list of hazards expected in case of thermal runaway for the cell or battery type, in the condition it is transported (e.g. usage of an inner packaging, state of charge (SOC), use of sufficient non-combustible, electrically non-conductive and absorbent cushioning material, etc.), shall be clearly identified and quantified; the reference list of possible hazards for cells or batteries (e.g. rapidly disassemble, dangerously react, produce a flame or a dangerous evolution of heat or a dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours) can be used for this purpose. The quantification of these hazards shall rely on available scientific literature;

(c) The mitigating effects of the packaging shall be identified and characterized, based on the nature of the protections provided and the construction material properties. A list of technical characteristics and drawings shall be used to support this assessment (density [kg/m³], specific heat capacity [J/(kg·K)], heating value [kJ/kg], thermal conductivity [W/(m·K)], melting temperature and flammability temperature [K], heat transfer coefficient of the outer packaging [W/(m²·K)], ...);

(d) The test and any supporting calculations shall assess the result of a thermal runaway of the cell or battery inside the packaging in the normal conditions of transport;

(e) In case the SOC of the cell or battery is not known, the assessment used shall be done with the highest possible SOC corresponding to the cell or battery use conditions;

(f) The surrounding conditions in which the packaging may be used and transported shall be described (including for possible consequences of gas or smoke emissions on the environment, such as ventilation or other methods) according to the gas management system of the packaging;

(g) The tests or the model calculation shall consider the worst case scenario for the thermal runaway triggering and propagation inside the cell or battery: this scenario includes the worst possible failure in the normal transport condition, the maximum heat and flame emissions for the possible propagation of the reaction;

(h) These scenarios shall be assessed over a period long enough to allow all the possible consequences to occur (e.g. 24 hours).

(i) In the case of multiple batteries and multiple items of equipment containing batteries, additional requirements such as the maximum number of batteries and items of equipment, the total maximum energy content of the batteries, and the configuration inside the package, including separations and protections of the parts, shall be considered.