NOTE 1: "Critical group" means a group of members of the public which is reasonably homogeneous with respect to its exposure for a given radiation source and given exposure pathway and is typical of individual receiving the highest effective dose by the given exposure pathway from the given source.

NOTE 2: "Members of the public" means in a general sense, any individuals in the population except when subject to occupational or medical exposure.

NOTE 3: "Workers" are any persons who work, whether full time, part-time or temporarily, for an employer and who have recognised rights and duties in relation to occupational radiation protection.

(1) Segregation

(1.1) Packages, overpacks, containers and tanks containing radioactive material and unpacked radioactive material shall be segregated during carriage:

(a) from workers in regularly occupied working areas:
    (i) in accordance with Table A below; or
   (ii) by distances calculated using a dose criterion of 5 mSv in a year and conservative model parameters; 

NOTE: Workers subject to individual monitoring for the purposes of radiation protection shall not be considered for the purposes of segregation.

(b) from members of the public, in areas where the public has regular access:
    (i) in accordance with Table A below; or
   (ii) by distances calculated using a dose criterion of 1 mSv in a year and conservative model parameters;

(c) from undeveloped photographic film and mailbags:
    (i) in accordance with Table B below; or
   (ii) by distances calculated using a radiation exposure criterion for undeveloped photographic film due to the transport of radioactive material for 0.1 mSv per consignment of such film; 
and

NOTE: Mailbags shall be assumed to contain undeveloped film and plates and therefore be separated from radioactive material in the same way.

(d) from other dangerous goods in accordance with 7.5.2.


Table A: Minimum distances between packages of category II-YELLOW or of category III-YELLOW and persons

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  |            Exposure time per year (hours)               |
|                  +----------------------------+----------------------------+
| Sum of transport | Areas where members of the | Regularly occupied working |
| indexes not more | public have regular access |           areas            |
|      than        +-------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+
|                  |     50      |     250      |     50      |     250      |
|                  +-------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+
|                  |  Segregation distance in metres, no shielding material  |
|                  |                 intervening, from:                      |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|        2         |      1      |      3       |     0.5     |       1      |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|        4         |     1.5     |      4       |     0.5     |      1.5     |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|        8         |     2.5     |      6       |     1.0     |      2.5     |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|       12         |      3      |     7.5      |     1.0     |       3      |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|       20         |      4      |     9.5      |     1.5     |       4      |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|       30         |      5      |      12      |      2      |       5      |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|       40         |     5.5     |     13.5     |     2.5     |      5.5     |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
|       50         |     6.5     |     15.5     |      3      |      6.5     |
+------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+


Table B: Minimum distances between packages of category II-YELLOW or of category III-YELLOW and 
         packages bearing the word "FOTO", or mailbags

+-----------------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Total number of |   Sum of    |     Journey or storage duration, in hours     |
|  packages not   |  transport  |                                               |
|   more than     | indexes not |                                               |
|                 |  more than  |                                               |
+-----------------+             +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|    Category     |             |  1  |  2  |  4  |  10 |  24 |  48 | 120 | 240 |
+-----------------+             +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|  III-  |   II-  |             |         Minimum distances in metres           |
| yellow | yellow |             |                                               |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|        |        |     0.2     | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |  1  |  1  |  2  |  3  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|        |        |     0.5     | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |  1  |  1  |  2  |  3  |  5  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|        |    1   |      1      | 0.5 | 0.5 |  1  |  1  |  2  |  3  |  5  |  7  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|        |    2   |      2      | 0.5 |  1  |  1  | 1.5 |  3  |  4  |  7  |  9  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|        |    4   |      4      |  1  |  1  | 1.5 |  3  |  4  |  6  |  9  | 13  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|        |    8   |      8      |  1  | 1.5 |  2  |  4  |  6  |  8  | 13  | 18  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|    1   |   10   |     10      |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  7  |  9  | 14  | 20  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|    2   |   20   |     20      | 1.5 |  3  |  4  |  6  |  9  | 13  | 20  | 30  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|    3   |   30   |     30      |  2  |  3  |  5  |  7  | 11  | 16  | 25  | 35  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|    4   |   40   |     40      |  3  |  4  |  5  |  8  | 13  | 18  | 30  | 40  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+
|    5   |   50   |     50      |  3  |  4  |  6  |  9  | 14  | 20  | 32  | 45  |
+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------+

(1.2) Category II-YELLOW or III-YELLOW packages or overpacks shall not be carried in compartments occupied by passengers, except those exclusively reserved for couriers specially authorized to accompany such packages or overpacks.

(1.3) No persons other than members of the vehicle crew shall be permitted in vehicles carrying packages, overpacks or containers bearing category II-YELLOW or III-YELLOW labels.

(2) Activity limits
The total activity in a vehicle, for carriage of LSA material or SCO in Industrial Packages Type 1 (Type IP-1), Type 2 (Type IP-2), Type 3 (Type IP-3) or unpackaged, shall not exceed the limits shown in Table C below. For SCO-III, the limits in Table C below may be exceeded provided that the transport plan contains precautions which are to be employed during carriage to obtain an overall level of safety at least equivalent to that which would be provided if the limits had been applied.

Table C: Vehicle activity limits for LSA material and SCO in industrial packages or unpackaged

+------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Nature of material or object | Activity limit for vehicle |
+------------------------------+----------------------------+
|           LSA-I              |         No limit           |
+------------------------------+----------------------------+
|     LSA-II and LSA-III       |         No limit           |
|   non-combustible solids     |                            |
+------------------------------+----------------------------+
|     LSA-II and LSA-III       |                            |
|     combustible solids,      |          100 A2            |
|  and all liquids and gases   |                            |
+------------------------------+----------------------------+
|           SCO                |          100 A2            |
+------------------------------+----------------------------+


(3) Stowage during carriage and storage in transit

(3.1) Consignments shall be securely stowed.

(3.2) Provided that its average surface heat flux does not exceed 15 W/m² and that the immediately surrounding cargo is not in bags, a package or overpack may be carried or stored among packaged general cargo without any special stowage provisions except as may be specifically required by the competent authority in an applicable certificate of approval.

(3.3) Loading of containers and accumulation of packages, overpacks and containers shall be controlled as follows:

(a) Except under the condition of exclusive use, and for consignments of LSA-I material, the total number of packages, overpacks and containers aboard a single vehicle shall be so limited that the total sum of the transport indexes aboard the vehicle does not exceed the values shown in Table D below;

(b) The dose rate under routine conditions of carriage shall not exceed 2 mSv/h at any point on the external surface of the vehicle or container, and 0.1 mSv/h at 2 m from the external surface of the vehicle or container, except for consignments carried under exclusive use for which the dose rate limits around the vehicle are set forth in (3.5) (b) and (c);

(c) The total sum of the criticality safety indexes in a container and aboard a vehicle shall not exceed the values shown in Table E below.


Table D: Transport Index limits for containers and vehicles not under exclusive use

+----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Type of container or | Limit on total sum of transport indexes in a container |
|       vehicle        |                or aboard a vehicle                     |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|   Small container    |                          50                            |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|   Large container    |                          50                            |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
|      Vehicle         |                          50                            |
+----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+


Table E: Criticality Safety Index for containers and vehicles containing fissile material

+-------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Type of container | Limit on total sum of criticality safety indexes |
|    or vehicle     +---------------------------+----------------------+
|                   |  Not under exclusive use  | Under exclusive use  |
+-------------------+---------------------------+----------------------+
|  Small container  |           50              |         n.a.         |
+-------------------+---------------------------+----------------------+
|  Large container  |           50              |         100          |
+-------------------+---------------------------+----------------------+
|     Vehicle       |           50              |         100          |
+-------------------+---------------------------+----------------------+


(3.4) Any package or overpack having either a transport index greater than 10, or any consignment having a criticality safety index greater than 50, shall be carried only under exclusive use.

(3.5) For consignments under exclusive use, the dose rate shall not exceed:

(a) 10 mSv/h at any point on the external surface of any package or overpack, and may only exceed 2 mSv/h provided that:
    (i) the vehicle is equipped with an enclosure which, during routine conditions of carriage, prevents the access of unauthorized persons to the interior of the enclosure;
    (ii) provisions are made to secure the package or overpack so that its position within the vehicle enclosure remains fixed during routine conditions of carriage, and
    (iii) there is no loading or unloading during the shipment;

(b) 2 mSv/h at any point on the outer surfaces of the vehicle, including the upper and lower surfaces, or, in the case of an open vehicle, at any point on the vertical planes projected from the outer edges of the vehicle, on the upper surface of the load, and on the lower external surface of the vehicle; and

(c) 0.1 mSv/h at any point 2 m from the vertical planes represented by the outer lateral surfaces of the vehicle, or, if the load is carried in an open vehicle, at any point 2 m from the vertical planes projected from the outer edges of the vehicle.

(4) Additional requirements relating to carriage and storage in transit of fissile material

(4.1) Any group of packages, overpacks, and containers containing fissile material stored in transit in any one storage area shall be so limited that the total sum of the CSIs in the group does not exceed 50. Each group shall be stored so as to maintain a spacing of at least 6 m from other such groups.

(4.2) Where the total sum of the criticality safety indexes on board a vehicle or in a container exceeds 50, as permitted in Table E above, storage shall be such as to maintain a spacing of at least 6 m from other groups of packages, overpacks or containers containing fissile material or other vehicles carrying radioactive material.

(4.3) Fissile material meeting one of the provisions (a) to (f) of 2.2.7.2.3.5 shall meet the following requirements:

(a) Only one of the provisions (a) to (f) of 2.2.7.2.3.5 is allowed per consignment;

(b) Only one approved fissile material in packages classified in accordance with 2.2.7.2.3.5 (f) is allowed per consignment unless multiple materials are authorized in the certificate of approval;

(c)	Fissile material in packages classified in accordance with 2.2.7.2.3.5 (c) shall be carried in a consignment with no more than 45 g of fissile nuclides;

(d)	Fissile material in packages classified in accordance with 2.2.7.2.3.5 (d) shall be carried in a consignment with no more than 15 g of fissile nuclides;

(e)	Unpackaged or packaged fissile material classified in accordance with 2.2.7.2.3.5 (e) shall be carried under exclusive use on a vehicle with no more than 45 g of fissile nuclides.


(5) Damaged or leaking packages, contaminated packagings

(5.1) If it is evident that a package is damaged or leaking, or if it is suspected that the package may have leaked or been damaged, access to the package shall be restricted and a qualified person shall, as soon as possible, assess the extent of contamination and the resultant dose rate of the package. The scope of the assessment shall include the package, the vehicle, the adjacent loading and unloading areas, and, if necessary, all other material which has been carried in the vehicle. When necessary, additional steps for the protection of people, property and the environment, in accordance with provisions established by the competent authority, shall be taken to overcome and minimize the consequences of such leakage or damage.

(5.2) Packages damaged or leaking radioactive contents in excess of allowable limits for normal conditions of carriage may be removed to an acceptable interim location under supervision, but shall not be forwarded until repaired or reconditioned and decontaminated.

(5.3) A vehicle and equipment used regularly for the carriage of radioactive material shall be periodically checked to determine the level of contamination. The frequency of such checks shall be related to the likelihood of contamination and the extent to which radioactive material is carried.

(5.4) Except as provided in paragraph (5.5), any vehicle, or equipment or part thereof which has become contaminated above the limits specified in 4.1.9.1.2 in the course of carriage of radioactive material, or which shows a dose rate in excess of 5 µSv/h at the surface, shall be decontaminated as soon as possible by a qualified person and shall not be re-used unless the following conditions are fulfilled:

(a)	the non-fixed contamination shall not exceed the limits specified in 4.1.9.1.2; 

(b)	the dose rate resulting from the fixed contamination shall not exceed 5 µSv/h at the surface.
 

(5.5) A container or vehicle dedicated to the carriage of unpackaged radioactive material under exclusive use shall be excepted from the requirements of the previous paragraph (5.4) and in 4.1.9.1.4 solely with regard to its internal surfaces and only for as long as it remains under that specific exclusive use.

(6) Other provisions

Where a consignment is undeliverable, the consignment shall be placed in a safe location and the competent authority shall be informed as soon as possible and a request made for instructions on further action.